The Blanchard Lab is located at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx Borough of New York.

Using a variety of spectroscopic and structural techniques we seek to examine the structure and mechanism of proteins that are critical to the survival of pathogenic organisms.
Recent References

Frantom PA, Coward JK, Blanchard JS. (2010) "UDP-(5F)-GlcNAc Acts as a Slow-Binding Inhibitor of MshA, a Retaining Glycosyltransferase." J Am Chem Soc. [Epub ahead of print]

Sikora AL, Wilson DJ, Aldrich CC, Blanchard JS. (2010) "Kinetic and inhibition studies of dihydroxybenzoate-AMP ligase from Escherichia coli." Biochemistry. 49(17):3648-57.

Tremblay LW, Fan F, Blanchard JS. (2010) " Biochemical and structural characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-lactamase with the carbapenems ertapenem and doripenem." Biochemistry. 49(17):3766-73.

Noble M, Blanchard JS. (2009) Catalysis and regulation. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 19(6):641-2.

Tremblay LW, Blanchard JS. (2009) "The 1.9 Å structure of the branched-chain amino-acid transaminase (IlvE) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 65(Pt 11):1071-1077.

Stoll VS, Blanchard JS. (2009) "Buffers: principles and practice." Methods Enzymol. 2009;463:43-56.

Sikora AL, Cahill SM, Blanchard JS. (2009) "Enterobactin synthetase-catalyzed formation of P(1),P(3)-diadenosine-5'-tetraphosphate." Biochemistry. 48(46):10827-9

Fan F, Vetting MW, Frantom PA, Blanchard JS. (2009) "Structures and mechanisms of the mycothiol biosynthetic enzymes." Curr Opin Chem Biol. 13(4):444-52.

Frantom PA, Zhang HM, Emmett MR, Marshall AG, Blanchard JS. (2009) "Mapping of the allosteric network in the regulation of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the feedback inhibitor L-leucine: solution-phase H/D exchange monitored by FT-ICR mass spectrometry." Biochemistry. 48(31):7457-64.

Fan F, Blanchard JS. (2009) "Toward the catalytic mechanism of a cysteine ligase (MshC) from Mycobacterium smegmatis: an enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway of mycothiol." Biochemistry. 48(30):7150-9.

Reich-Slotky R, Kabbash CA, Della-Latta P, Blanchard JS, Feinmark SJ, Freeman S, Kaplan G, Shuman HA, Silverstein SC. (2009) " Gemfibrozil inhibits Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl coenzyme A reductases and blocks intracellular growth of these bacteria in macrophages." J Bacteriol. 191(16):5262-71.

Vetting MW, Hegde SS, Blanchard JS. (2009) "Crystallization of a pentapeptide-repeat protein by reductive cyclic pentylation of free amines with glutaraldehyde. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 65(Pt 5), 462-9.

Hugonnet JE, Tremblay LW, Boshoff HI, Barry CE 3rd, Blanchard JS. (2009) "Meropenem-clavulanate is effective against extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Science. 323(5918), 1215-8.

de Carvalho LP, Frantom PA, Argyrou A, Blanchard JS. (2009) " Kinetic Evidence for Interdomain Communication in the Allosteric Regulation of alpha-Isopropylmalate Synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Biochemistry, 2009, 48 (9), pp 1996–2004

Tremblay LW, Fan F, Vetting MW, Blanchard JS (2008) "The 1.6 A crystal structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis MshC: the penultimate enzyme in the mycothiol biosynthetic pathway."
Biochemistry. 47(50):13326-35.

Vetting MW, Errey JC, Blanchard JS. (2008) " Rv0802c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the first structure of a succinyltransferase with the GNAT fold."
Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 64(Pt 11):978-85

Khrapunov S, Cheng H, Hegde S, Blanchard J, Brenowitz M. (2008) "Solution structure and refolding of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis pentapeptide repeat protein MfpA." J Biol Chem. 283(52):36290-9

Sikora AL, Frankel BA, Blanchard JS. (2008) "Kinetic and chemical mechanism of arylamine N-acetyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Biochemistry. 47(40):10781-9.

Vetting MW, Park CH, Hegde SS, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC, Blanchard JS. (2008) "Mechanistic and structural analysis of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ib and its bifunctional, fluoroquinolone-active AAC(6')-Ib-cr variant." Biochemistry. ;47(37):9825-35.

Vetting MW, Bareich DC, Yu M, Blanchard JS. (2008) "Crystal structure of RimI from Salmonella typhimurium LT2, the GNAT responsible for N(alpha)-acetylation of ribosomal protein S18.
Protein Sci. (10):1781-90.

Frankel BA, Blanchard JS. (2008) "Mechanistic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1347c, a lysine Nepsilon-acyltransferase involved in mycobactin biosynthesis."
Arch Biochem Biophys. 477(2):259-66.

Magalhães ML, Argyrou A, Cahill SM, Blanchard JS. (2008) "Kinetic and mechanistic analysis of the Escherichia coli ribD-encoded bifunctional deaminase-reductase involved in riboflavin biosynthesis."
Biochemistry.47(24):6499-507.

Tremblay LW, Hugonnet JE, Blanchard JS. (2008) "Structure of the Covalent Adduct Formed between Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-Lactamase and Clavulanate." Biochemistry. 47(19), 5312-6.

Vetting MW, Frantom PA, Blanchard JS. (2008) "Structural and enzymatic analysis of MshA from corynebacterium glutamicum: Substrate-assisted catalysis." J Biol Chem 283 ( 23 ): 15834-44 .

Williams L, Fan F, Blanchard JS, Raushel FM. (2008) Positional Isotope Exchange Analysis of the Mycobacterium smegmatis Cysteine Ligase (MshC). Biochemistry 47 ( 16 ): 4843-50 .

Magalhães ML, Vetting MW, Gao F, Freiburger L, Auclair K, Blanchard JS. (2008) "Kinetic and Structural Analysis of Bisubstrate Inhibition of the Salmonella enterica Aminoglycoside 6'-N-Acetyltransferase." Biochemistry. 47(2):579-84.

Hugonnet JE, Blanchard JS. (2007) "Irreversible inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-lactamase by clavulanate." Biochemistry. 46(43):11998-2004

Pillai B, Cherney M, Diaper CM, Sutherland A, Blanchard JS, Vederas JC, James MN. (2007) "Dynamics of catalysis revealed from the crystal structures of mutants of diaminopimelate epimerase."
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 363(3):547-53.

Fan F, Luxenburger A, Painter GF, Blanchard JS. (2007) "Steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of Mycobacterium smegmatis cysteine ligase (MshC)." Biochemistry. 46(40):11421-9.

Argyrou A, Vetting MW, Blanchard JS. (2007) "New insight into the mechanism of action of and resistance to isoniazid: interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase with INH-NADP."
J Am Chem Soc. 129(31):9582-3.

Hegde SS, Chandler J, Vetting MW, Yu M, Blanchard JS. (2007) "Mechanistic and structural analysis of human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase." Biochemistry. 46(24):7187-95. .

Vetting MW, Hegde SS, Hazleton KZ, Blanchard JS. (2007) "Structural characterization of the fusion of two pentapeptide repeat proteins, Np275 and Np276, from Nostoc punctiforme: resurrection of an ancestral protein." Protein Sci. 16(4):755-60.

Yu M, Magalhaes ML, Cook PF, Blanchard JS. (2006) " Bisubstrate inhibition: Theory and application to N-acetyltransferases." Biochemistry. 45(49):14788-94.

Yu M, de Carvalho LP, Sun G, Blanchard JS. (2006) "Activity-based substrate profiling for Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferases: the use of chloroacetyl-coenzyme A to identify protein substrates."
J Am Chem Soc. 128(48):15356-7.

Argyrou A, Jin L, Siconilfi-Baez L, Angeletti RH, Blanchard JS. (2006) "Proteome-wide profiling of isoniazid targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Biochemistry. 45(47):13947-53.

Silva RG, de Carvalho LP, Blanchard JS, Santos DS, Basso LA. (2006) "Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) Reductase: Kinetic and Chemical Mechanisms."
Biochemistry. 31;45(43):13064-13073.

Wing C, Errey JC, Mukhopadhyay B, Blanchard JS, Field RA. (2006) "Expression and initial characterization of WbbI, a putative d-Galf:alpha-d-Glc beta-1,6-galactofuranosyltransferase from Escherichia coli K-12." Org Biomol Chem. 4(21):3945-50.

de Carvalho LP, Blanchard JS. (2006) "Kinetic and chemical mechanism of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Biochemistry. 45(29):8988-99.

Pillai B, Cherney MM, Diaper CM, Sutherland A, Blanchard JS, Vederas JC, James MN. (2006) "Structural insights into stereochemical inversion by diaminopimelate epimerase: an antibacterial drug target." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103(23):8668-73.

de Carvalho LP, Blanchard JS. (2006) "Kinetic analysis of the effects of monovalent cations and divalent metals on the activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis alpha-isopropylmalate synthase."
Arch Biochem Biophys. 451(2):141-8.

Argyrou A, Vetting MW, Aladegbami B, Blanchard JS. (2006) "Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydrofolate reductase is a target for isoniazid." Nat Struct Mol Biol. 13: 408 - 413

Errey JC, Blanchard JS. (2006) "Functional Annotation and Kinetic Characterization of PhnO from Salmonella enterica." Biochemistry. 45(9):3033-9.

Vetting MW, Hegde SS, Fajardo JE, Fiser A, Roderick SL, Takiff HE, Blanchard JS. (2006) "Pentapeptide Repeat Proteins." Biochemistry. 45(1):1-10

Vetting MW, Yu M, Rendle PM, Blanchard JS. (2006) "The Substrate-induced Conformational Change of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycothiol Synthase." J Biol Chem. 281(5):2795-802

Magalhaes ML, Blanchard JS. (2005) "The kinetic mechanism of AAC3-IV aminoglycoside acetyltransferase from Escherichia coli." Biochemistry. 44(49):16275-83

Diaper CM, Sutherland A, Pillai B, James MN, Semchuk P, Blanchard JS, Vederas JC. (2005) "The stereoselective synthesis of aziridine analogues of diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and their interaction with dap epimerase." Org Biomol Chem. 3(24):4402-11.

Blanchard JS. (2005) "Old approach yields new antibiotic." Nat Med. 11(10):1045-6.

de Carvalho LP, Argyrou A, Blanchard JS. (2005) "Slow-onset feedback inhibition: inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis alpha-isopropylmalate synthase by L-leucine."
J Am Chem Soc. 127(28):10004-5.

Hegde SS, Vetting MW, Roderick SL, Mitchenall LA, Maxwell A, Takiff HE, Blanchard JS. (2005)
"A fluoroquinolone resistance protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mimics DNA."
Science. 308(5727):1480-3.

Errey JC, Blanchard JS. (2005) "Functional characterization of a novel ArgA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis." J Bacteriol. 187(9):3039-44.

Vetting MW, de Carvalho LP, Roderick SL, Blanchard JS. (2005) "A Novel Dimeric Structure of the RimL Na-acetyltransferase from Salmonella typhimurium." J Biol Chem. 280(23):22108-14.

Magnet S, Blanchard JS. (2005) "Molecular insights into aminoglycoside action and resistance."
Chem Rev. 105(2):477-98.

Vetting MW, S de Carvalho LP, Yu M, Hegde SS, Magnet S, Roderick SL, Blanchard JS. (2005) "Structure and functions of the GNAT superfamily of acetyltransferases.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 433(1):212-26.